“Well” describes an amount of time in this instance, though thats only implied. “Shortly” could be considered it’s opposite here.

On the engineering side, the operators are the machine better than I ever will, so their input is critical. Some are a bit reserved around salaried folks, as the koolaide drinkers up front tend to be strictly business and not show much loyalty to the operators. Hearing them out on politics or whatever they want to talk about helps break down that hesitance to tell me what’s really happening. I’m not going to narc on them to management about the shortcuts they’re taking to circumvent a design flaw if it means they TELL me about the flaw, and we can try to resolve it.

It seems like everyone near me (Missouri) is a bit numb at this point. Like if you directly asked an opinion, sure, they’d say it’s a terrible thing. Especially the elder veterans But no one is really talking about it. I don’t really watch much TV anymore, and this is my only social media; this is the ONLY place I’ve heard about it. I work as a manufacturing engineer and a good number of the operators tend to be right leaning. I think a major factor is that even for these folk, the meddling in the middle east for decades has soured any of the initial “patriotism” behind it. There’s no “Fuck yeah, did you hear we blew up xyz? Check out this video!” Or “That airbase in Iran got bombed. They should just bomb the shit out of em back” Seems like it’s just another day now. Less distress/commentary than getting a flat tire the day before.

We view them as tragic events?

Does the thickness skin impact it’s ability to feel pain?

It doesn’t. Burn a slip of paper with a lighter. Now burn an orange. Notice how the the outer layer reacts to the fire?

Your nerve endings also exist in the outer most layer (your mouth vs your deeper flesh)

Are you a mammal? Congratulations, you have TRPV1 receptors in your mucus membranes (avian supremacy ftw). They exist to keep potato brain mammals from eating hot things. These will fuck up your insides. Apparently enough of a problem that mammals needed them. Fun fact: this is enough of a problem that ancestral peppers evolved a means to exploit it and exclude mammals.

But off topic. There’s no quantity of flesh that will make your mouth heat proof. Turns out first degree burns still hurt like fuck.

While I do appreciate the information on better infographic creation, the example map has such a small range comparably. There’s over 30 values, not to mention the shades in-between values. I think a two color gradient would end up being very smooth at this scale. Sorta looks to generally drop in temperature as you go east here, nice red to blue fade.

Expanding the color palette does give more room for distinction, but that’s seemingly how they got where they did.

To be fair, from my friends who’ve actually had color theory and graphic design classes, STEM folks tend to do a poor job of communicating well.

So eh. Maybe it’s pointless for me to argue against it.

So MAYBE, and I’m pulling this out of my ass with no background here, but expectation is temperature doesn’t jump, but flows as a gradient. Using France as the start, we’ve white fading to dark greys then reds, which is the hottest of the three white possibilities. As going hotter then that gets pink again, the top end is white in France. We then decrease down the scale until we get those. green pockets. Light green/white touching green would signify the lower of the three white temps. Not a great map, but perhaps it’s an understood practice with the field. After all, how do you convert a quantitative scale into qualitative data. You can’t really just number everything (people have shit attention spans and they’ll gloss over immediately. Anybody who’s delivered technical data to management can attest to that lol) Color works well for that, but has a limited useful spectrum. Getting too specific in a single spectrum muddies the graphic (what’s the exact color over Lisbon here? This kinda salmony guy? So 8? Or closer to 9?)

“Did that guy shit his pants?”

It does and doesn’t. The outer layer of the durian, yeah that’s gone. Dense biomass presents a unique scenario though. Where steel is homogeneous, and conducts heat very well, cells are “hollow” and contain a lot of carbon. Water vaporizes. Proteins vaporize. Carbon burns off. Slightly deeper: water vaporizes. But there’s no oxygen here. The burning biomass outside is consuming it and dumping carbon dioxide as it goes. What happens when carbon heats without oxygen? It purifies. Down to pure carbon. 3,630C to melt it away. What’s more, it’s not solid carbon. All that water and protein is long gone, but now it’s empty space. Insulation. It’s impressive how much biomass blocks heat.

Time matters. Long enough, the outer layers start to burn away. Oxygen moves deeper, carbon burns, not melts. That layer burns off. Oxygen moves deeper. You didn’t need 3000C. But you need time and air flow. If you’re trying to see who between a mass of steel or an equal biomass gives up first, the steel will fail every time.

What do you define as the proper equipment? Can do it with pocket knife if you’re dedicated.

Caveats that I took the tests in rural town in the Midwest over a decade ago and didn’t think I saw anything unexpected for what it was trying to do: This is not first hand knowledge.

Past versions have been found to have questions that rely heavily on knowledge that wouldn’t be obtained during standard primary education. The worst I’d heard about was knots used while boating. If you’re not privileged enough to have that exposure, you’re failing that one. No other reason to expect it there, so no reason to learn that.

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So I can’t help with exact physics too much or exact electrical. Just a manufacturing engineer with too many hobbies.

At a basic level, you’ll want to decide what you’re making. While similar, the specifics will decide what you need exactly. A coilgun or mass driver uses electromagnetic coils in a series, 1 -> 2 -> 3 ect. Each coil is powered one after the other, with sufficient uptime and delay before the next to pull a ferrous carrier or projectile forward. Moments before it reaches the powered coil, that coil should shut down, moving the field further and continuing the acceleration. Note, as you accelerate the payload you will see a shorter uptime and delay at subsequent coils.

Of note: How you’re moving the payload is important. If you’re using a carrier, you will need to either account for its separation from the payload (consider a sabot in a shotgun shell, though many other designs likely exist) or its deceleration before the end of the line to avoid its self destructive impact. A carrier less payload needs some means of moving along with minimal friction, and must be ferrous so that the induced fields will interact with it. Most I’ve seen made used a non conductive tube polished smooth inside with each coil wound around the tube itself. Electronics on the outside, launching a steel ball bearing. Easily procured capacitors from cameras set up to each coil and confirmed to pop off in series. Either a LONG tube, or potentially hazardous electrical charges. Please consult a real electrician or engineer before using higher power inputs.

It’s certainly been done quite often, but doing anything particularly impressive will be a bit of a feat without significant input.

A rail gun is actually far easier to make, if even less impressive without massive power inputs (potentially millions of amps to achieve the theoretical velocities a railgun is associated with) and precision manufacturing. Instead of creating a coil, a neat bit of physics is abused. Functionally, your design will resemble an elongated H, with the bottom legs extending as long as you’d like. Power source wires to the tops of each leg. The center portion serves to bridge the rails and complete the circuit and will also need to move up and down them freely. What this creates is a magnetic field between the center bridge and the power inputs on top. This field will propel the center down the rails. Every bit of rail behind the connection will generate a magnetic field as it does so. No need to time coils.

Sled is a must, as the center must contact the rails the whole time. The more magnetically reactive you can get the sled/payload, the easier acceleration becomes. Adding magnets to the sled isn’t uncommon.

As with the coil gun, getting anything impressive becomes quite a feat. A demonstration of what’s happening is fairly easy.

We’ve done childrens demonstrations as part of the company outreach like this. A magnet and paperclips will suffice. I would suggest a railgun and you start there, as the demonstration is easily found online and scale up from there. Uni project, not Naval bombardment being your goal.

I cannot stress enough. Please consult with someone knowledgeable in electronics if you start moving into higher power inputs. A demo model mishap with 9V is a tingle. Running 120V gets serious very quickly.

Are you trying to build one, interested in the specifics of the electromagnetics, or just looking for a general overview?

Lots of difference between a wiki level overview, the physics involved, or the engineering behind making a theoretical item function in reality.

I don’t know enough about copilot as work has made it optional for mostly accessibility related tasks: digging through the mass of extended Microsoft files in teams, outlook, OneDrive to find and summarize topics; record meeting notes, not that they’re overly helpful compared to human taken notes due to a lack of context; and normalizing data, as every power BI report out is formatted as it’s owner saw fit.

Given it’s ability to make ridiculous errors confidently, I don’t suppose it has the memory to be used more like a toddler helper? Small, frequent tasks that are pretty hard to fuck up, once it can reliably do these through repetition and guidance on what’s a passing result, tieing more together?

If you don’t mind me asking, what do you do and kind of AI? Maybe it’s the autism but I find LLMs are bit limited and useless but other use cases aren’t quite as bad Training image recognition into AI is a legitimately great use of it and extremely helpful. Already being used for such cases. Just installed a vision system on a few of my manufacturing lines. A bottling operation detects cap presence, as well as cross threads or un-torqued caps based on how the neck vs cap bottom angle and distance looks as it passes the camera. Checking 10,000 bottles a day as they scroll past would be a mind numbing task for a human. Other line is making fresnel lenses. Operators make the lenses, and are personally checking each lens for defects and power. Using a known background and training the AI to what distortion good lenses should create when presented is showing good progress at screening just as well as my operators. In this case it’s doing what the human eye can’t; determine magnification and defraction visually.

Pushing Little Children With Their Fully Automatics!

Didn’t make this, so only a guess, but the concept of plants “communicating” via mycorrhizae is probably why it’s there.

Since we use our nose to warm incoming cold air, I’m sure cutting the volume per nostril and boosting contact surface makes a significant difference

The simplest is just sewing a strip onto the back at two ends, making a loop for the belt. If you’ve a bigger piece of leather, you can make a wing on each side with a wide hole that the belt can go through. Or the other direction, up, then loop back down and sew or rivet to the bottom.